Texts and illustrations relating to medicine, prognostication and arithmetic; England, late 13th-early 14th century

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From Medieval manuscripts in Oxford libraries

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Title

Texts and illustrations relating to medicine, prognostication and arithmetic; England, late 13th-early 14th century

Shelfmark

MS. Ashmole 399

Place of origin

English

Date

13th century, third quarter

13th century, end – 14th century, beginning (in part c. 1299 (?))

Language

Latin

No linguistic content

MS. Ashmole 399 – Part 1 (fols. 1–32, 35–71)

Items 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14 were copied from Oxford, Pembroke College, MS. 21 (England, late 13th century); see M. Green, in Scriptorium 50 (1996) p. 163 n. 97. For the Pembroke MS., which is digitized, see N. Ker, Medieval Manuscripts in British Libraries III (1983) 689–93.

1. (fols. 1r–13r) De physiognomia

a. (fol. 13rb) Medical recipes

Incipit: Ad probandum utrum mulier fuerit uirgo R. lapatium acutum et ponam in igne

Incipit: Ad coagulandum lac R. folia

Incipit: Ad lepram puluis puluerizetur radix draganti

Incipit: Vngues remoueantur cum riȝi cocto in aceto fortissimo emplaustrato

b. (fol. 13v) Full page diagram of the female reproductive system (see decoration and cf. item 6 below) with texts added in some of the empty space. Texts are described according to 'columns' formed by the diagram, from left to right.

Rubric: Ad verucas delendas

Incipit: Si tu uelis scire utrum mulier sit pregnans

Incipit: Si in partu laborat mulier da diptanni cum appozimate fenugreci

Incipit: Nota quod Henricus de parci curatus est de lapide per solam hasti regie aquam

Incipit: Experimentum quod nunquam fallit et hoc quando dubitacio fit an culpa fit ex parte viri an m(ulieris) proueniat inpedimentum

Incipit: Ruta a proprietate contra fetum mortuum

2. (fols. 14ra–15ra) Muscio Gynaecia

(fol. 14ra) Incipit: Si in pedibus descendit

(fol. 14ra) Incipit: Si unum pedem foras habuerit

(fol. 14rb) Incipit: Si diuisis pedibus

(fol. 14rb) Incipit: Si genu ostenderit

(fol. 14va) Incipit: Si ambas naticas foras ostendat manibus extensis

(fol. 14va) Text lacking for the sixth diagram.

(fol. 14vb) Incipit: Si in naticas descendit uel sederit manibus coniunctis

(fol. 14vb) Incipit: Quociens dupplicatur fuerit quid faciemus

(fol. 15ra) Incipit: Si plures uno fuerit

(fol. 15ra) Incipit: Si diuersum iacet

3. (fols. 15rb–16rb) Constantinus Africanus De genitalibus membris

4. (fols. 16va–vb, 17r) Chiromantic text and diagram

5. (fol. 17v) Calendar in table form

6. (fols. 18r–24v) Anatomical diagrams with (fols. 18v-21v) accompanying text (Ps.-Galen, Figura incisionis), and other texts (items 7–8) added in the margins and other empty space. On relationship between items (a) and (b), and the diagram at fol. 13v above, see Y. V. O'Neill, 'The Fünfbilderserie-A Bridge to the Unknown', Bulletin of the History of Medicine 51/4 (1977), 538–49 (in relation to a similar series of illustrations in Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS. 190 (223)); O. Kurz, in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 5 (1942), 137–8; T. McCall in Trans. Cambridge Bib. Soc. 16 (2016), 1–22.

6a. (fols. 18r–22r) Incipit: Hec est historia arteriarum

6b. (fols. 22v–24v) Diagrams of the brain, internal organs, and male reproductive system.

7. (fols. 18r–21r, margins) Constantinus Africanus De coitu

8. (fols. 21r–26r, margins) Trotula

9. (fols. 25r–29r) Table of lunar cycles, dominical letters and dates of Easter, from 1000–1531, with a continuous cycle from 1292.

10. (fol. 26r, margin) Trotula

11. (fols. 26r–27r, margins) Incipit: Sperma hominis descinditur ex omni humore corporis

12. (fols. 27r–29r, margins, and 29va–31rb, main text) Ricardus Anglicus Anatomia

13. (fols. 31rb–32vb, 35ra–42ra) Constantinus Africanus De stomacho

14. (fols. 42r–46r) Johannes de Sancto Paulo De simplicium medicinarum uirtutibus

15. (fol. 46r–46v) Quid pro quo

c. (fol. 46v) Added medical recipe and remedy for haemorrhoids

Incipit: Ad remouendum nigridinem sub oculo

Incipit: Emeroyde funt tribus modis

d. (fols. 47ra–47rb, 52v–52vb10) Iohannes Platearius (?) Practica brevis ('Amicum induit')

16. (fols. 47v–52r) Giles of Corbeil De urinis

Fol. 52v: text continues from fol. 47r.

e. (fols. 52vb11–53ra34) Medical recipes

f. (fol. 53ra35–53rb) Medical recipe

Fol. 53v blank.

17. (fols. 54r–58v) Bernardus Silvestris (?) Experimentarius

(fol. 54r) Rubric: Titulus liber hic instabilis hic incipit an tibi penis An sors instabilis melius foret ars docet eius

Rubric: Ars

(fols. 54r–55v) Incipit: De vita Quid erit Dic Quere A Sedente super Orientalem facitem turris Saturni

(fols. 56ra–58vb) Incipit: Hoc ornamentum decus est et fama parentum \retentum/

17a. (fol. 59r) Onomantic text ('Victor and vanquished')

17b. (fol. 59v) Chiromantic diagram

17c. (fol. 60ra–60vb) Text on chiromancy

Fol. 61r-v blank except for four lines of faint text visible at the top of fol. 61v.

18. (fols. 62ra–63ra) Philaretus Liber pulsuum

g. (fol. 63ra–63rb) Trotula

Incipit: Si fuerit fetor oris causi stomachi et interiorum

Incipit: Vidi saracenam unam

Incipit: Si habuit mulier os fetens causa putridinis

(fol. 63v) Unfinished diagrams, see Decoration.

19. (fols. 64r–71r) Alexander de Villa Dei Algorismus

20. (fols. 64r–66v, margins) Johannes de Sacro Bosco Algorismus

h. (fol. 71r, margins) Added medical recipes and notes

(upper margin) Incipit: Nota quod ferrum candens extinctum in vino curat opilacionem

(upper margin) Incipit: Incipit quartarna cum pauco frigore

(left margin) Incipit: Notandum ponunt quod flebotomia non competit

(left margin) Incipit: Nota quartana quandoque duplicat

(left margin) Incipit: Ysidarus nos oportet horas in quibus patitur crisim

(beneath main text) Incipit: Ad guttam calidam R. angsugie

i. (fol. 71v) Added medical recipes and verses

Incipit: Inflacio tibiarum in pregnantibus

(left margin) Incipit: Cortex nucis adustus et(?) desiccatus

Incipit: Qui petit egrotans quamuis contraria dentur Tunc pocius natura viget cum vota replentur

MS. Ashmole 399 – Part 2 (fols. 33–34)

Medical images

Physical extent

v (modern paper) + 71 + 2 (parchment endleaves, a bifolium) + 5 (modern paper), foliated i-v, 1–78.

Binding

Bound for Ashmole, with his arms on the spine, quarterly in the first quarter a fleur-de-lys.

Acquisition

Transferred to the Bodleian Library in 1860.

Provenance

Several booklets brought together in the early fourteenth century.

'By me hugh nalynghurst' (?) (fol. 72r, erased, 16th cent.)

'Sum Johannis Gibbon. e coll. sancte et individuae Trinitatis Oxon : et ejusdem coll. convictoris. Anno Domini 1628 men: Maij nono' (fol. 72v).

Elias Ashmole, 1617–1692.

Bequeathed by him to the Ashmolean Museum.

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