Sacramentary (‘The Reichenau sacramentary’), German (Reichenau), 11th century, first quarter

Title

Sacramentary (‘The Reichenau sacramentary’), German (Reichenau), 11th century, first quarter

Shelfmark

MS. Canon. Liturg. 319

Associated place

Freising

Aquileia

Place of origin

German, Reichenau, Benedictine abbey (but probably written for ‘export’)

Germany

Date

11th century, first half

11th century, first quarter (after 997, perhaps after 1018)

Language

Latin

Contents

Form

codex

Support

parchment

Physical extent

viii + ii + 266 + ii + ii, foliated i-viii, 1–270 (42 double, 197 omitted)

Hands

Hoffmann (1986, I.336) distinguishes six hands, of which two (A and D) are responsible for the original text: A: fols. 1v-27v14 B: fols. 27v16–28v17 (additions) C: fol. 28v18–29r (additions) D: fols. 31v-263v E: fols. 263v9–265v (additions) F: fol. 266r-v Hands A and D are localised to Reichenau (A is also found in London, British Library, Arundel MS. 390, and D in Munich, BSB, Clm. 23338); B, C, and E are localised to Freising.

Binding

Modern red leather binding.

Acquisition

Purchased by the Bodleian in 1817.

Provenance

Written after 997 (St Adalbert an original entry in the calendar, 23 August); and either before or after 1018 depending on whether the obit of Henricus Marchio, i.e. Henry I von Babenberg, 23 June, is regarded as original (Kauffmann, Turner) or an addition (Watson).

Localized to Reichenau, first quarter of the eleventh century by Hoffmann on palaeographical grounds. Some liturgical evidence for Reichenau in the calendar, but dedication of Reichenau not present: the ‘dedicatio ecclesiae sanctae Mariae’ is 29 March, and ‘Dedicatio sancti Nicolai’ on 17 December; no Reichenau saints in the sacramentary. Regarded by Kauffmann as written at Reichenau for use at another, unidentified house.

As Freising by the second quarter of the eleventh century, according to Hoffmann's dating and localization of the additions on fols. 27–28v and 263v-265v.

At Aquileia in the later 11th century (by 1077 (?)), as evidenced by added entries in the calendar. These include six patriarchs of Aquileia: John (19 July), of Poppo (28 Sept.), Eberhard (13 Nov.), Gotebold (27 Dec.), Rabinger (18 Feb.), and Sigehard (12 Aug.); entries for the mother (Bilihilt, 23 Oct.) and brother (Friedrich, 29 Aug.) of Sigehard; of the emperors Henry II and Henry III; counts Otto (22 Aug.) and Sirus (21 July); of an abbess Reginlinda (4 Feb., 3 May) and a nun Hadauuich (28 Sept.), probably of S. Maria di Aquileia. Perhaps, therefore, taken to Aquileia by Sigehard, whose consecration (15 June 1068) is in the same hand as many other additions but whose obit (12 August 1077) is a different hand.

Matteo Luigi Canonici, 1727–1805

Giuseppe Canonici, -1807

Title

A Gregorian Sacramentary

Shelfmark

MS. Canon. Liturg. 319

Summary

A Gregorian Sacramentary, consisting of:

Lists of antiphons, graduals, etc. (fol. 1v)

'Martyrologium per circulum anni', a calendar (fol. 15v)

Some added prayers and masses (fol. 24)

'In nomine Domini incipit Liber sacramentorum de circulo anni expositus a sancto Gregorio papa Romano. editus ex authentico libro bibliothecę cubiculi scriptus. qualiter missa Romana celebratur ...' (fol. 29v: this and the following page are in gold letters)

There is an 'Ordo sacri baptismatis' (fol. 85), preceding the Easter services

The Proprium de Tempore and Sanctorum form one series (fols. 36-161v), the Commune Sanctorum beginning on fol. 161v

Prayers and masses occupy fols. 181-257

An 'Obsequium circa morientes' and Office for the Dead fols. 257-263v

Some later additions follow

There are ten fine large illuminations or miniatures in German style, at fols. 30v, 32 (Crucifixion: 'Te igitur) 38v (Nativity, and Angels appearing to the Shepherds), 39, 95v (Angel appearing to the women after the Resurrection), 96, 110v (Ascension), 111, 115v (Pentecost), 116: and illuminated capitals, etc. A description of the MS. stated to be in the hand of the abbot Canonici is on fols. iii-v. See MS. Canon. Liturg. 297.

Date

Written in the first quarter of the 11th cent. in Germany (?)

Language

Latin

Physical facet

On parchment, illuminated, see scope and content

Physical extent

270 Leaves

Custodial history

The body of the MS., as judged by the calendar and illuminations, was probably written in Germany, possibly in the Rhenish provinces (among the saints are stt. Cuthbert, Columba, Columbanus, Kilian, Leodegarius, Willibrord, Adalbert (d. 997): at Mar. 29 'dedicatio aecclesiae s. Mariae', Dec. 17 'dedicatio s. Nicolai confessoris'). The additions to the calendar show clearly that soon after it was written it was in use in the diocese of Aquileia (obits of the patriarchs from 1017 to 1080, names of Hermagoras, July 12, Thecla, etc., Sept. 25, etc.).