Apocalypse with commentaries ('The Douce Apocalypse'); England (?Westminster), c. 1265–1270

Title

Apocalypse with commentaries ('The Douce Apocalypse'); England (?Westminster), c. 1265–1270

Shelfmark

MS. Douce 180

Place of origin

English, Westminster (?)

Date

13th century, third quarter (1254 × 1272; ?c. 1265–70)

Language

Anglo-Norman

Latin

Contents

Form

codex

Support

parchment

Physical extent

61 + ii fols.

Decoration

Fols. 13r-61r (pp. 1–97): 97 miniatures occupying the upper half of the page (of an original 103, six scenes lost on missing leaves after fols. 17 (p. 10), 18 (p. 12), and 39 (p. 54). Those on fols. 13r-41v, 51r-52v, 55r-56v (pp. 1–58, 77–80, 85–88) are fully painted; on fols. 50r-v, 53r-54v, 57r-58r (pp. 75–76, 81–84, 89–91), gilded with part painting; fols. 58v-61r (pp. 92–97), gilded only; fols. 42r-49v (pp. 59–74), drawing only. The subjects are (cf. Morgan (1987), Table of Apocalypse Subjects): (fol. 13r, p. 1) John on Patmos ordered by the Angel to write. (fol. 13v, p. 2) The Seven Churches. (fol. 14r, p. 3) Vision of Christ and the Candlesticks. (fol. 14v, p. 4) Letter to Ephesus. (fol. 15r, p. 5) Letter to Smyrna. (fol. 15v, p. 6) Letter to Pergamos. (fol. 16r, p. 7) Letter to Thyatira. (fol. 16v, p. 8) Letter to Sardis. (fol. 17r, p. 9) Letter to Philadelphia. (fol. 17v, p. 10) Letter to Laodicea. (fol. 18r, p. 11) The Angel proclaims 'who is worthy'; John consoled by elder. (fol. 18v, p. 12) The Lamb enthroned. (fol. 19r, p. 13) First Seal: The White Horse. (fol. 19v, p. 14) Second Seal: The Red Horse. (fol. 20r, p. 15) Third Seal: The Black Horse. (fol. 20v, p. 16) Fourth Seal: The Pale Horse. (fol. 21r, p. 17) Fifth Seal: Souls of the Martyrs. (fol. 21v, p. 18) Sixth Seal: Earthquake (fol. 22r, p. 19) Angels holding the four winds; Angel with the seal of God. (fol. 22v, p. 20) Multitude adore Christ and the Lamb; John and Elder. (fol. 23r, p. 21) Seventh Seal: Giving of the Trumpets. (fol. 23v, p. 22) Angel given incense; Censing of the Altar; Incense cast on the earth. (fol. 24r, p. 23) First Trumpet: Rain of Fire on the Earth. (fol. 24v, p. 24) Second Trumpet: Fire cast on the Sea. (fol. 25r, p. 25) Third Trumpet: Burning Star falls from Heaven. (fol. 25v, p. 26) Fourth Trumpet: Darkening of Sun and Moon. (fol. 26r, p. 27) Voice of the Eagle. (fol. 26v, p. 28) Fifth Trumpet: Falling Star and Locusts from the Earth. (fol. 27r, p. 29) Locusts Riding. (fol. 27v, p. 30) Six Trumpet: Unbinding of the Four Angels. (fol. 28r, p. 31) Army of Horsemen. (fol. 28v, p. 32) Seven Thunders. (fol. 29r, p. 33) The Angel gives John the Book; John eats the Book. (fol. 29v, p. 34) The Angel gives John the Rod; John measures the Temple. (fol. 30r, p. 35) The Witnesses breathe fire and prophesy to the People. (fol. 30v, p. 36) Death of the Witnesses; the Witnesses lie in the streets. (fol. 31r, p. 37) The People rejoice at their death. (fol. 31v, p. 38) Ascension of the Witnesses. (fol. 32r, p. 39) The Seventh Trumpet; Christ proclaimed by the Elders. (fol. 32v, p. 40) The Judgement (fol. 33r, p. 41) The Temple in Heaven (fol. 33v, p. 42) The Woman clothed with the Sun (fol. 34r, p. 43) The Seven-Headed Dragon; the Woman's Child taken to Heaven; the Woman in the Wilderness (fol. 34v, p. 44) The War in Heaven (fol. 35r, p. 45) The Dragon cast into the Earth; the Blood of the Lamb (fol. 35v, p. 46) The Dragon persecutes the Woman; the Woman flies into the Desert; the Dragon casts out a Flood at the Woman. (fol. 36r, p. 47) The Seed of the Woman fight the Dragon. (fol. 36v, p. 48) The Dragon delegates power to the Seven-Headed beast. (fol. 37r, p. 49) Worship of the Beast. (fol. 37v, p. 50) The Beast slays the Saints. (fol. 38r, p. 51) The False Prophet rises from the Earth, calls down Fire, and causes the People to worship the Beast. (fol. 38v, p. 52) The False Prophet causes Men to be marked. (fol. 39r, p. 53) The Lamb adored on Sion. (fol. 39v, p. 54) The Elders around the Throne. (fol. 40r, p. 55) The Third Angel; Judgement of those who worship the Beast. (fol. 40v, p. 56) 'Blessed are they who die in the Lord'. (fol. 41r, p. 57) The Harvest of the Earth. (fol. 41v, p. 58) The Vintage; Blood from the Winepress. (fol. 42r, p. 59) The Seven Angels; the Harpers on the Sea of Glass. (fol. 42v, p. 60) The Opening of the Tabernacle of the Temple of Testimony. (fol. 43r, p. 61 The Giving of the Vials. (fol. 43v, p. 62) The First Vial poured on the Earth. (fol. 44r, p. 63 The Second Vial poured on the Sea. (fol. 44v, p. 64) The Third Vial poured on the Fountains and Rivers; Angels praise the Judgement of the Lord. (fol. 45r, p. 65) The Fourth Vial poured on the Sun. (fol. 45v, p. 66) The Fifth Vial poured on the Seat of the Beast. (fol. 46r, p. 67) The Sixth Vial poured on the Euphrates. (fol. 46v, p. 68) Frogs come from the mouths of the Dragon, False Prophet and Beast. (fol. 47r, p. 69) The Seventh Vial: Earthquake and Destruction throughout the Earth. (fol. 47v, p. 70) The Great Whore seated on the Waters. (fol. 48r, p. 71) The Great Whore seated on the Beast. (fol. 48v, p. 72) The Great Whore drunk with the Blood of the Saints. (fol. 49r, p. 73) The Fall of Babylon. (fol. 49v, p. 74) The Lament over the Sins of Babylon. (fol. 50r, p. 75) The Lament of the Kings. (fol. 50v, p. 76) The Lament of the Merchants. (fol. 51r, p. 77) The Angel casts the Millstone into the Sea. (fol. 51v, p. 78) Destruction of the Whore of Babylon in flames; Triumph in Heaven. (fol. 52r, p. 79) The Lamb and his Bride. (fol. 52v, p. 80) John bidden by the Angel to write; The Marriage-Feast of the Lamb; John kneels before the Angel. (fol. 53r, p. 81) The Armies of Heaven and Christ in the Winepress. (fol. 53v, p. 82) The Birds Summoned. (fol. 54r, p. 83) The Battle with the Army of the Beast. (fol. 54v, p. 84) The Defeat of the Beast. (fol. 55r, p. 85) The Dragon chained and led to Prison; the Dragon locked up. (fol. 55v, p. 86) The First Resurrection. (fol. 56r, p. 87) Satan comes forth again. (fol. 56v, p. 88) Attack on the Holy City; the Casting into Hell. (fol. 57r, p. 89) The Judgement. (fol. 57v, p. 90) The Holy City comes down from Heaven. (fol. 58r, p. 91) John instructed to write; 'I am alpha and omega'; punishment of the unbelieving. (fol. 58v, p. 92) The Angel carries John to the New Jerusalem; New Jerusalem shown by the Angel. (fol. 59r, p. 93) Measuring of the City; 'The Lamb is as the Lamp thereof'. (fol. 59v, p. 94) The River of Life (fol. 60r, p. 95) John and the Angel (fol. 60v, p. 96) 'Blessed are they that wash their robes in the blood of the Lamb'; those without the City (fol. 61r, p. 97) John before Christ

Border, fol. 1r

10-line historiated initial 'S', fol. 1r.

Bas-de-page hunting scene, fol. 1r.

Throughout, spaces left for 2-line initials, not filled in.

Binding

Gold-stamped leather over pasteboard, English, 1580s.

Acquisition

Bequeathed by Douce to the Bodleian in 1834.

Provenance

Two production units (fols. 1–12, 13–61), but with the same ruling and possibly the same scribe.

Fol. 1, historiated initial, kneeling figures identifiable from their arms as Edward I of England (before his accession, 1272), and Eleanor of Castile; they married in 1254, so datable between 1254 and 1272. Morgan (2007), on art-historical grounds suggests a date of c. 1265–70.

William Wilson, F.S.A., of the Minories, his sale, Christie's, 31 Jan.-1 Feb. 1833, lot 56 on 1 Feb.; bought by Thorpe for £53. 11s.

Purchased from Thorpe by Douce, Feb. 1833.

Title

French commentary on the Apocalypse, with an Apocalypse and commentary in Latin

Shelfmark

MS. Douce 180

Summary

Comprises:

1 (fol. 1) A French commentary on the Apocalypse: beg. 'Seint Pol la postle dist ki tuz ceus ki uoilent': ends (imperfect, some leaves being lost) 'en terre: abatue . e reuendra.' There is one border and illuminated capital at fol. 1.

2 (fol. 13) The Apocalypse in Latin, with the Latin Commentary on it by Berengaudus inserted in smaller writing, without the author's name. This part is illustrated by 97 very fine miniatures in French style, generally fully coloured, but on fols. 42 - 49, 57v - 61 only drawn (very finely) in outline, or otherwise unfinished.

Fols. 66 - end are blank. A reproduction of fol. 61 (miniature in outline and text) is in the Palæographical Society's Facsimiles, part ii, no. 77: and a description of the illustrations is prefixed at fols. vii-xii.

Date

written probably in the last quarter of the 13th cent. in France

Language

Latin

French

Physical facet

On parchment, illuminated, binding: dark leather with heavy gold tooling (17th cent. ?)

Physical extent

91 leaves, in double columns